Which component allows lubrication to continue in case of a clogged main oil filter?

The filter bypass valve is the correct choice because its primary function is to ensure that oil can continue circulating through the system even when the main oil filter becomes clogged. When the filter is restricted due to contamination or other blockages, the bypass valve opens, allowing oil to flow directly into the engine or other components without passing through the filter. This ensures that the engine maintains lubrication, preventing potential damage due to oil starvation.

Other components, while important for oil system functionality, do not fulfill the same role as the filter bypass valve. The pressure relief valve regulates oil pressure within the system to prevent damage from excessive pressure, but it does not facilitate oil flow in the case of a clogged filter. The check valve is designed to allow oil to flow in one direction and prevent backflow, which is critical for maintaining the oil supply but does not address filter clogs. Lastly, the flow control valve is utilized to manage the flow of oil to various components but does not provide bypass functionality during a filter blockage. Thus, the filter bypass valve is essential for maintaining lubrication in adverse conditions.