What is the threshold crossing speed relative to the final airspeed?

The threshold crossing speed is typically lower than the final airspeed because this speed represents the moment just before the aircraft crosses the runway threshold during landing. In ideal landing conditions, the aircraft is usually in a descent profile which means it may maintain a speed that provides a controlled descent toward the runway but is still below the final approach speed that is sustained for landing. This tactical approach helps ensure that the aircraft is stabilized and can effectively transition from the air to the ground.

While it is important for pilots to aim for a safe and controlled landing, the final airspeed will often be a bit higher at the moment of touchdown due to factors such as aircraft weight, configuration (e.g., flaps), and atmospheric conditions. Thus, the threshold crossing speed is designed to be lower than the final airspeed to facilitate a smooth landing while allowing for adjustments in case of any variances during approach.